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By Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ay) & Dr Manasa, B.A.M.S
Sapta Upakramas are the therapies utilized in historical days for surgical interventions and procedures particularly for therapy of acute /persistent wounds, their problems and to stop their relapse. Their utility might be prolonged in skillful methods to deal with different systemic ailments additionally with modifications in therapy designing.
Sapta Upakramas are 7 sorts of therapies that are defined in Sushruta Samhita, ‘Amapakvaishaniyam Adhyayam’ Sutra sthana 17th chapter, Verses 54. Sapta = seven, Upakrama = therapies.
Grasp Sushruta has simply talked about the names of those 7 sorts of therapy with out explaining them intimately. The verse which highlights the names of those 7 specialised therapies is the final verse of this chapter. So we get a query, what is likely to be the medical or surgical utility of the procedures which aren’t detailed within the texts?
Learn – Shashti Upakrama Which means, Classification, Medical Significance
Magnification of seven Upakramas – Grasp Sushruta has simply given a synopsis of those therapies in Sutra Sthana, a piece of treatises whereby issues should be stated in nutshell. He additionally had a magnified model of those 7 therapies and referred to as it as ‘Shashti Upakrama’ i.e. ’60 sorts of therapies’. So exactly, Sushruta has hidden ‘60 valuable therapy procedures’ throughout the core of seven therapies solely to current them in a magnified method within the later context. Sushruta has defined these 60 sorts of specialised therapies within the first chapter of Chikitsa Sthana part which primarily offers with therapy points of many ailments.
Learn – Charaka Vrana Chikitsa – twenty fifth Chapter – Wounds, Ulcers
Sapta Upakrama
Grasp Sushruta has defined the chronology through which these 7 therapies needs to be administered. They’re –
- Vimlapana
- Avasechana
- Upanaha
- Patana Kriya
- Shodhana
- Ropana
- Vaikrutapaha
Sanskrit Verses
Shashti Upakrama in Sapta Upakrama
Completely different sorts of therapies talked about in shashti upakrama have been included beneath sapta upakrama. Apparently the 60 therapies defined in chikitsa sthana are additionally talked about in a chronology. The inclusions of fragments of 60 therapies beneath every therapy of sapta upakrama themselves outline every of the 7 therapies and what, how and when these therapies shall be carried out. In both case the chronology shall be maintained. All therapies and included sub therapies will not be wanted in all circumstances of wound therapy. They’re selective and conditional and apply to the stage of wound we’re coping with.
Learn – 4 Sorts Of Swedana As Per Sushruta And Vagbhata
1. Vimlapana
Vimlapana means to melt or inflicting to wither / languish. From the listing of 60 therapies the under talked about 6 therapies are included beneath Vimlapana. They’re used to make the wound gentle.
| Sl No | Identify of the Upakrama (therapy) | Which means |
| 1 | Apatarpana | fasting |
| 2 | Alepa | software of medicinal pastes |
| 3 | Parisheka | showering of medicinal fluids |
| 4 | Abhyanga | oil therapeutic massage |
| 5 | Sweda | fomentation or sudation |
| 6 | Vimlapana | mild urgent / cleaning measures |
2. Avasechana
Avasechana means to expel the doshas. From the listing of 60 therapies the under talked about 4 therapies are included beneath Avasechana.
| Sl No | Identify of the Upakrama (therapy) | Which means |
| 1 | Visravana | drainage |
| 2 | Sneha | inducing oiliness |
| 3 | Vamana | therapeutic emesis |
| 4 | Virechana | therapeutic purgation |
3. Upanaha
Upanaha means making use of a poultice. It’s a sort of sudation remedy. From the listing of 60 therapies the under talked about 2 therapies are included beneath Upanaha.
| Sl No | Identify of the Upakrama (therapy) | Which means |
| 1 | Upanaha | poultices |
| 2 | Pachana | serving to the pus to type correctly in order to empty it out |
4. Patana Kriya
Patana means tearing, slipping, dividing or making incision. Kriya is the strategy through which that is carried out. From the listing of 60 therapies the under talked about 9 therapies are included beneath Patana Kriya.
| Sl No | Identify of the Upakrama (therapy) | Which means |
| 13 | Chedana | excision |
| 14 | Bhedana | incision |
| 15 | Darana | splitting / tearing |
| 16 | Lekhana | Scraping |
| 17 | Eshana | Probing |
| 18 | Aaharana | Extraction |
| 19 | Vyadhana | Puncturing |
| 20 | Vidravana | Liquefaction |
| 21 | Seevana | Suturing |
Learn – Sushruta’s 8 Sorts Of Surgical Procedures – Astavidha Shastra Karma
5 & 6. Shodhana and Ropana
Shodhana means cleaning. Ropana means therapeutic. From the listing of 60 therapies the under talked about 13 therapies are included beneath Shodhana and Ropana.
| Sl No | Identify of the Upakrama (therapy) | Which means |
| 1 | Sandhana | Unification, union of fractures |
| 2 | Peedana | Compression |
| 3 | Shonita sthapana | Checking the bleeding, enabling correct circulation |
| 4 | Nirvapana | Software and showering of chilly efficiency medicines |
| 5 | Utkaarika | Software of heat semi-solid vata assuaging medicinal pastes to deal with wound irritation and necrosis of wounds |
| 6 | Kashaya | Administering natural decoctions |
| 7 | Varti | Software / inserting suppositories |
| 8 | Kalka | Natural Paste Software |
| 9 | Sarpi | Use of medicated ghee |
| 10 | Taila | Use of medicated oils |
| 11 | Rasakriya | Administration of semi-solid medicinal extracts |
| 12 | Avachurnana | Sprinkling of natural powders |
| 13 | Vrana Dhupana | Fumigation of wounds |
Learn – Harm, Wound care Ayurvedic Cures, Medicines
7. Vaikrutapaha
Vaikrutapaha means eradicating the deformities or undesired modifications which have occurred as problems or sequels of wounds. From the listing of 60 therapies the under talked about 26 therapies are included beneath Vaikrutapaha.
| Sl No | Identify of the Upakrama (therapy) | Which means |
| 1 | Utsadana | Elevation of wounds – therapy of wounds with some herbs to enhance granulation tissue in order to lift the ground of the wound |
| 2 | Avasadana | Despair of wounds – elimination of unhealthy, pointless, hyper-granulation tissue from flooring of the wound which could delay therapeutic of wounds |
| 3 | Mrudu Karma | Softening the perimeters of the injuries |
| 4 | Daruna Karma | Hardening the margins of the injuries (some wounds have much less tensile power in order that the wound margin simply separate inflicting early dehiscence and wound therapeutic delayed. To keep away from very long time wound therapeutic, daruna karma is finished) |
| 5 | Kshara Karma | Software of alkalis |
| 6 | Agni Karma | Hearth cauterization |
| 7 | Krshna Karma | Inducing black colour (hypo-pigmentation space made regular like surrounding tissue) |
| 8 | Pandu Karma | Inducing white colour (hyper-pigmentation space made regular like surrounding tissue) |
| 9 | Pratisaarana | Tablets made up of tough powder of medicinal herbs is rubbed on gentle shiny pores and skin (after wound therapeutic) in order to make the pores and skin floor tough, similar to the traditional pores and skin |
| 10 | Roma Sanjanana | Therapies and medicines (measures) enabling progress of hairs |
| 11 | Loma Apaharana | Therapies and medicines (measures) enabling elimination of pointless hairs |
| 12 | Vasti Karma | Medicinal Enemas |
| 13 | Uttara Vasti Karma | Enemas given by way of urinary and genital passages |
| 14 | Bandha | Bandages |
| 15 | Patra Daana | Overlaying the injuries with leaves |
| 16 | Krimighna | Disinfectants |
| 17 | Brmhana | Bulk selling and strengthening therapies |
| 18 | Vishagna | Anti-toxins, therapies and medicines which nullify or neutralize the impact of poisons and toxins |
| 19 | Shiro virechana | Nasal instillation of medicines |
| 20 | Nasya | Nasal instillation of remedy / Errhines |
| 21 | Kavala dharana | Rinsing of mouth with medicinal liquids |
| 22 | Dhooma | Fumigation |
| 23 | Madhu sarpi | Administration of honey and ghee |
| 24 | Yantra | Instrumentation |
| 25 | Aahara | Dietetic routine |
| 26 | Rakshaa vidhana | Sterilization (the surgical ward, devices and so on needs to be sterilized by fumigating with Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) and so on herbs and Mantra uccharana (uttering or reciting holy hymns) to kill the small pathogenic organisms) |
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